[Reader-list] US pulls the plug on Muslim websites

[Harsh Kapoor]

The Guardian (UK)
Middle East dispatch
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US pulls the plug on Muslim websites

Islamic groups have condemned a government crackdown on a Texan 
telecoms company as part of a "witch-hunt", writes Brian Whitaker

Monday September 10, 2001

Five hundred websites - many of them with an Arab or Muslim 
connection - crashed last Wednesday when an anti-terrorism taskforce 
raided InfoCom Corporation in Texas.

The 80-strong taskforce that descended upon the IT company included 
FBI agents, Secret Service agents, Diplomatic Security agents, tax 
inspectors, immigration officials, customs officials, department of 
commerce officials and computer experts.

Three days later, they were still busy inside the building, 
reportedly copying every hard disc they could find. InfoCom hosts 
websites for numerous clients in the Middle East, including 
al-Jazeera (the satellite TV station), al-Sharq (a daily newspaper in 
Qatar), and Birzeit (the Palestinian university on the West Bank).

It also hosts sites for several Muslim organisations in the United 
States, among them the Islamic Society of North America, the Muslim 
Students Association, the Islamic Association for Palestine, and the 
Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development.

In addition, InfoCom is the registered owner of ".iq" - the internet 
country code for Iraq.

A coalition of American Muslim groups immediately denounced the raid 
as part of an "anti-Muslim witch-hunt" promoted by the Israeli lobby 
in the United States.

Mahdi Bray, political adviser to the Muslim Public Affairs Council, 
said: "We have deep concerns that this once again is an attempt to 
rush to judgment and to marginalise the American Muslim community. 
There is a pattern of bias that often permeates all of these types of 
investigations."

The FBI, meanwhile, insisted the search had nothing to do with 
religion or Middle East politics. "This is a criminal investigation, 
not a political investigation," a spokeswoman said. "We're hoping to 
find evidence of criminal activity."

Several Muslim groups have linked the raid to an article which 
appeared in the Wall Street Journal on August 13. Written by Daniel 
Pipes, director of the foreign policy research institute in 
Philadelphia, it called on the US to "support Israel in rolling back 
the forces of terror" by shutting down websites belonging to the 
Islamic Association for Palestine and the Holy Land Foundation.

"The federal authorities should use the tools it already has in 
closing down these websites and organisations," the article said.

Daniel Pipes appears regularly in the US media, where he is regarded 
as an authority on the Middle East. Arab-Americans, on the other 
hand, regard him as a Muslim-basher and a staunch supporter of Israel.

In one magazine article Pipes wrote: "Western European societies are 
unprepared for the massive immigration of brown-skinned peoples 
cooking strange foods and maintaining different standards of 
hygiene... All immigrants bring exotic customs and attitudes, but 
Muslim customs are more troublesome than most."

In 1995, after the Oklahoma bombing (for which former war hero 
Timothy McVeigh was eventually executed) Pipes wasted no time in 
pinning the blame on Muslim extremists. He told USA Today: "People 
need to understand that this is just the beginning. The 
fundamentalists are on the upsurge, and they make it very clear that 
they are targeting us. They are absolutely obsessed with us."

It is unlikely, however, that the FBI could have obtained a warrant 
to search InfoCom on the basis of Daniel Pipes's remarks in the Wall 
Street Journal. They would have to demonstrate "probable cause" to a 
judge, but in this case the reasons may never be known because the 
judge ordered the warrant to be sealed.

InfoCom's lawyer, Mark Enoch, said that whatever the company was 
suspected of, the FBI had "bad information"; InfoCom was innocent of 
any wrongdoing.

According to the New York Times, citing unnamed government officials, 
the purpose of the search was to discover whether InfoCom has any 
links to the militant Palestinian organisation, Hamas.

Under an anti-terrorism law introduced in 1996, it is illegal in the 
US to provide "material support" for Hamas or other organisations on 
the state department's banned list. Although Israeli sympathisers in 
the US have been clamouring for prosecutions, there have been no 
major cases so far and some lawyers question whether the 1996 law is 
constitutional.

Just across the road from InfoCom's offices, in Richardson on the 
outskirts of Dallas, is the headquarters of the Holy Land Foundation 
(HLF). Apart from their physical proximity, InfoCom and HLF are 
intimately connected through two brothers: Ghassan and Bayan Elashi. 
The Elashis are of Palestinian origin and of a religious disposition. 
Ghassan is chairman of HLF and vice-president (marketing) of InfoCom.

InfoCom is a small but apparently successful company with a global 
business in computers, networking, telecommunications and internet 
services. Established in 1982, it moved to the area of Texas known as 
"Telecom Corridor" nine years ago. Its business in the Middle East 
has been expanding largely because of its expertise in 
Arabic-language databases. It recently won a contract in Jordan for a 
website where people can buy and sell cars.

Asked about the company's ownership of ".iq", the Iraqi national 
internet address, Ghassan Elashi said: "We were one of the pioneers 
of the internet at a time when all the upper domain names were 
available for everyone. We searched the lists and found Iraq was 
available for registration."

To avoid any trouble over sanctions, InfoCom informed the state 
department that it had registered ".iq", Elashi said. The state 
department replied with a "ridiculous" list of restrictions which 
mean that the company has never been able to make use of the Iraqi 
domain.

He said he had no idea what the task force was looking for in raiding 
InfoCom's offices, though the staff were giving them full 
cooperation. He added: "Over the last four to five weeks we have 
experienced some unusual hacking - mostly by pro-Israeli hackers."

The HLF, on the other side of the street, is a tax-exempt charity 
established in 1989. Most of its efforts are focused on helping 
Palestinians in Jordan, Lebanon and the occupied territories, but it 
has also sent humanitarian aid to Bosnia, Kosovo and Chechnya, as 
well as earthquake relief to Turkey and flood relief to Mozambique.

According to its website, the HLF has provided sponsorship for more 
than 1,800 Palestinian orphans and 450 families living in refugee 
camps. It has funded several medical projects, including Dar al-Salam 
hospital in Gaza, al-Razi hospital in Jenin, al-Ahli hospital in 
Hebron and a rehabilitation center for the handicapped located in 
Amman, Jordan. In Lebanon, it provided safe water supplies for 72,000 
refugees in the Palestinian camps.

For several years the HLF has been the target of attacks by Israeli 
sympathisers. A letter sent to news organisations by New York senator 
Charles Schumer accused it of "raising millions of dollars for the 
Palestinian cause in the Middle East, some of which has been 
knowingly channelled to support the families of Hamas terrorists."

A more specific claim, mentioned on the website of a Jewish 
organisation, the Anti-Defamation League, is that it has provided 
"monthly stipends to the families of terrorist suicide bombers in 
Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza".

The evidence against the HLF presented by the League in a 1998 press 
release was somewhat tenuous. It said that Israel had banned a 
Jerusalem-based organisation called the Holy Land Foundation (which 
it described as the "apparent counterpart" of the Texas charity) on 
the grounds that it was a front for Hamas.

Also, the League said, the Texas-based Islamic Association for 
Palestine (IAP) had urged its members to send donations to the HLF. 
The League noted that the IAP had also "distributed official Hamas 
literature in the United States" and that its fundraising letter 
described the Palestinian struggle as "jihad" - "a term regularly 
used by Hamas".

More recently, HLF and several other Muslim charities have become the 
target of a $600m (£409m) lawsuit by the parents of David Boim, an 
Israeli-American student who was shot dead in the West Bank in 1996. 
Using the 1996 anti-terrorism law, the family are claiming 
compensation from the charities, alleging that they provided 
"material support" to Hamas and were therefore responsible for 
David's death.

Ghassan Elashi dismisses all these allegations. "The Holy Land 
Foundation is as clean as crystal water," he says. "We have never 
been bothered by any government agencies."

But to the alarm of America's Arab and Muslim minorities, there are 
signs that the climate may be changing. Assistant New York state 
attorney general Karen Goldman has recently been pressing for a tax 
audit of HLF to "enforce the laws applicable to exempt 
organisations". Another Muslim charity, the Islamic African Relief 
Agency, is engaged in a legal dispute with the state department after 
it revoked US aid grants worth $4.2m.

It is, of course, a duty of governments to ensure that charities 
maintain financial probity. The concern is that some charities may be 
getting singled out for discriminatory reasons.

The catch-all nature of the 1996 law against providing "material 
support" to banned organisations is also arousing controversy. "It 
makes any support whatever a crime," one Arab-American said last 
week. "Simply giving blankets to the wrong kind of hospital could be 
a violation of the law."

Email
brian.whitaker at guardian.co.uk


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