[Reader-list] Disquiet Ghosts: Mass graves in Indian Kashmir

[Shivam Vij शिवम् विज्]

It's all still like 'ancient civilisations', Simran: savage, brutal,
lying, killing and maiming for territorial aspirations.

On Wed, Jul 16, 2008 at 2:15 PM, simran chadha <getsim2222 at yahoo.co.in> wrote:
>
> they had discovered something similar in the jaffna peninsula, vavuniya, if i remember correctly, on a hilltop, mass graves with bodies decomposed only the skeletal remains. the state insisted an ancient civilization was being discovered until a brass bangle with name  - very contemporary fashion was discovered on the skeletons exhumed. some of the dead were duly identified. the army then issued hundreds of coffins, called the priest and duly had the last rites performed with the villagers paying their last respects to whoever it was they had lost, at gunpoint ofcourse. sadly and terrifyingly,  this grotesque and macabretragedy seems to be playing time and again.
> simran
> --- On Tue, 15/7/08, radhikarajen at vsnl.net <radhikarajen at vsnl.net> wrote:
>
> From: radhikarajen at vsnl.net <radhikarajen at vsnl.net>
> Subject: Re: [Reader-list] Disquiet Ghosts: Mass graves in Indian Kashmir
> To: "Shivam Vij शिवम् विज्" <mail at shivamvij.com>
> Cc: "sarai list" <reader-list at sarai.net>, ccs at jkccs.org
> Date: Tuesday, 15 July, 2008, 12:53 PM
>
> With divided polity, the role of   'tribunals" , commisssions is by
> itself highly unwarranted for the simple reason, at the election times the
> Judges have fudged quite a few reports, like the train burning in Gujarath,
> like the sacchar and his jhoota report which addresses the issue in such
> partisan ways that the politics of bringing out such reports at the time of
> elections becomes an effort to refurbish the tarnished images of  culprits
> against humans.
>
>  In democratic life, good govrnance should cover every citizen irrespective of
> faith, caste or region, when ethics and morals of those in public life are at
> new lows, such tribunals with retired and tired individuals becomes a game of
> vote catching jargon. The reports that have been gathering dust in the last
> sixty years without any results of improvement of citizens as a result of such
> tribunal and judicial commission reports is national waste of exchequer and
> retired personnels appeasement to gain votes.
>
>  Regards.
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Shivam Vij शिवम् विज् <mail at shivamvij.com>
> Date: Monday, July 14, 2008 5:21 pm
> Subject: Re: [Reader-list] Disquiet Ghosts: Mass graves in Indian Kashmir
> To: Pawan Durani <pawan.durani at gmail.com>
> Cc: sarai list <reader-list at sarai.net>, ccs at jkccs.org
>
>> Dear Pawan,
>>
>> The tribunal is only demanding an enquiry to establish whose graves
>> these are. Why is the security establishment afraid of an enquiry?
>>
>> "Unidentified" and 'unidentifiable', are, by the way,
> also terms used
>> in the discourse on the Pandit killings. See
>> http://shivamvij.com/2008/05/10/report-on-pandit-killings-
>> rekindles-communal-fissures-in-valley/
>>
>> best
>> shivam
>>
>> On Sun, Jul 13, 2008 at 1:38 PM, Pawan Durani
>> <pawan.durani at gmail.com> wrote:
>> > Shivam ,
>> >
>> > During the days os mass insurgencies , encounters at border
>> discrict were
>> > very common . it ususally happened when the terrorists used to
>> sneak into
>> > India in large groups.
>> >
>> > In each encounter , scores of people used to die .Many bodies
>> would remain
>> > unidentified and police but usual used to bury them.
>> >
>> > If today , a different story is eing made of those graves , the
>> rest of
>> > world should be made aware of the past instead of
>> sensationalising the issue
>> > to create more distrust and hate.
>> >
>> > Regards
>> >
>> > Pawan
>> >
>> >
>> > On 7/12/08, Shivam Vij शिवम् विज्
> <mail at shivamvij.com> wrote:
>> >>
>> >> Dear Khurram,
>> >>
>> >> Thanks for posting this. The Delhi media's conspiracy of
> silence
>> >> around human rights violations in Kashmir, as also the
>> intimidation of
>> >> those like you who seek to defend human rights, sadly seems
>> reflected>> on this list - this list seems to endlessly list the
>> sentiments of
>> >> some and is silent on an article like this.
>> >>
>> >> best
>> >> shivam
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> On Thu, Jul 10, 2008 at 2:10 PM, Khurram Parvez
>> <khurramparvez at yahoo.com>>> wrote:
>> >> >
>> >> > A PDF of the article with photos can be found on the
> Tribunal
>> website>> > at:
>> >> >
>> >> >
>>
> http://kashmirprocess.org/news/20080708_MassGravesKashmirChatterji.pdf>>
>>
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > Disquiet Ghosts: Mass graves in Indian Kashmir
>> >> >
>> >> > Etala'at, Daily Newspaper, Srinagar, 09 July 2008
>> >> >
>> >> > http://etalaat.com/english/Dimensions/1531.html
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > Dirt, rubble, thick grass, hillside and flatland, crowded
>> with graves.
>> >> > Signifiers of military and paramilitary terror, masked from
>> the world.
>> >> > Constructed by institutions of state to conceal massacre.
>> Placed next
>> >> > to homes, fields, schools, an army practise range. Unknown,
>> unmarked.>> > Over 940 graves in a segment of Baramulla district
>> alone. Some
>> >> > containing more than one cadaver. Dug by locals, coerced by
>> the police,
>> >> > on village land. Bodies dragged through the night, some
> tortured,
>> >> > burnt, desecrated. Circulating mythology claims these graves
>
>> uniformly>> > house 'foreign militants'. Exhumation and
>> identification have not
>> >> > occurred in most cases. When undertaken, in sizable
>> instances, records
>> >> > prove the dead to be local people, ordinary citizens, killed
>
>> in fake
>> >> > encounters. In instances where bodies have been identified
> as
>> local,>> > non-militant and militant, it demystifies state
>> rhetoric that rumours
>> >> > these persons to be 'foreign militants', propagating
>
>> misrepresentation>> > that the demand for self-determination is
>> prevailingly external.
>> >> > Mourned, cared for, by locals, as 'farz'/duty, as
> part of an
>> >> > obligation, stated repeatedly, to 'azadi'.
> 'Azadi'/freedom to
>> determine>> > self and future.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > On 18 and 20 June, the International People's Tribunal
> on
>> Human Rights
>> >> > and Justice in Indian-administered Kashmir
> ('Tribunal',
>> convened in
>> >> > April 2008, www.kashmirprocess.org) visited Baramulla and
> Kupwara
>> >> > district to conduct ongoing fact-finding and verification
>> related to
>> >> > mass graves at the behest of local communities. The team
>> comprised of
>> >> > Tribunal Conveners Advocate Parvez Imroz and myself, a staff
>
>> member,>> > and camera crew.
> =3E >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > On 18 June, we visited Raja Mohalla in Uri, Baramulla
>> district, 110
>> >> > kilometres from Srinagar, where 22 graves were constructed
>> between>> > 1996-1997. Then to Quazipora, where 13 bodies were
>> stated as buried in
>> >> > seven graves in 1991. Then we travelled to Chehal, Bimyar
>> village, Uri,
>> >> > holding 235 graves. We re-met Atta Mohammad, gravedigger and
>
>> caretaker>> > at Chehal, who testified that these bodies, brought
>
>> by the police,
>> >> > primarily after dark, were buried between 2002-2006. Atta
>> Mohammad said
>> >> > that the bodies appear in his nightmares, each in graphic,
>> gruesome>> > detail. Terrorised by the task forced upon him, his
>> nights are bereft
>> >> > of sleep. Then we travelled to Mir Mohalla, Kichama, Sheeri,
>
>> to the
>> >> > main graveyard with 105 graves, stated to hold about 225-250
>
>> bodies,>> > buried between 1994-2003, and a smaller graveyard,
>> with nine graves,
>> >> > adjacent to a sign proclaiming it a 'Model Village'.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > On 20 June, we visited the northern district of Kupwara. On
>> the way we
>> >> > witnessed army convoys, including one of 21+ vehicles.
>> Created in 1979
>> >> > through the forking of Baramulla district, approximately
>> 5,000 feet
>> >> > above sea level, Kupwara borders the Line-of-Control to the
>> north and
>> >> > west. Between Shamsbari and Pirpanchal mountain ranges, it
> is
>> one of
>> >> > the most heavily militarised zones, about 95 kilometres from
>
>> Srinagar.>> > Kupwara houses six army camps, as military and
>> paramilitary forces
>> >> > occupy significant land. Seven interrogation centres have
> been
>> >> > operational with police stations functioning as additional
>> >> > interrogation cells. In Hundwara town, a watchtower surveils
> and
>> >> > regulates movement.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > In Kupwara, we visited Trehgam village, holding 85-100
>> graves, 24 of
>> >> > which are identified, and spoke with community members.
>> Trehgam was
>> >> > home to Maqbool Bhat (b. 1938), founding figure of the Jammu
>
>> Kashmir>> > National Liberation Front. Acknowledged as Shaheed-e-
>> Kashmir, Bhat is
>> >> > labelled a 'terrorist' by certain segments of India.
> He
>> sought to unite
>> >> > the territories of the former princely state of Jammu and
>> Kashmir into
>> >> > a secular, sovereign, democratic state. Bhat was sentenced
> to
>> death by
>> >> > the Supreme Court of India and hanged in Tihar jail in New
>> Delhi on 11
>> >> > February 1984. Maqbool Bhat's nephew, Parvaiz Ahmad
> Bhat,
>> reminded us
>> >> > that Habibullah Bhat, Bhat's brother, was the first case
> of
>> enforced>> > disappearance before 1989.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > After Trehgam, we reached Regipora around 3 pm and stopped
>> for lunch.
>> >> > There, two persons introduced themselves as Special Branch
>> Kashmir>> > (SBK) and Counter Intelligence Kashmir (CIK)
>> personnel, and questioned
>> >> > the Tribunal staff member about our visit. After responding,
> we
>> >> > proceeded to the 'martyrs' graveyard' holding
> 258 graves,
>> constructed>> > in 1995. This burial ground is meticulously
>> ordered, each grave
>> >> > numbered. The body of a 20-25 year old youth was buried in
>> the first
>> >> > week of June, reportedly killed in an encounter in Bamhama
>> village.>> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > We stopped at a roadside tea stall to speak with local
> people
>> about the
>> >> > graves. Four intelligence personnel questioned us, asking we
>
>> disclose>> > information about those we had visited. Soon, four
>> additional SBK and
>> >> > CIK personnel joined the questioning. Other intelligence
>> personnel made
>> >> > phone calls. By then, about 12 intelligence personnel
> gathered.
>> >> > Following further questioning we proceeded toward Srinagar.
> A car
>> >> > followed at a distance.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > We detoured to Sadipora, Kandi, where locals stated that
>> around 20
>> >> > bodies were buried. The graveyard, overrun with wild
> flowers,
>> is part
>> >> > of a larger ground used during festivals, including Id. Two
>> of four
>> >> > bodies, killed in a fake encounter on 29 April 2007, were
>> exhumed,>> > identified as locals, contrary to police records
>> stating them to be
>> >> > 'Pakistani terrorists'. Saidipora holds Riyaz Ahmad
> Bhat's grave,
>> >> > killed in the encounter, age 19. Police records, per the
> First
>> >> > Information Report, declared him a 'Pakistani
> terrorist'.
>> Riyaz Bhat
>> >> > was identified by Javeed Ahmed, his brother, as a resident
> of
>> >> > Kalashpora, Srinagar, based on police photographs from the
>> time of
>> >> > death. Ahmed travelled with the Tribunal to take us to his
>> brother's>> > grave. On his knees Javeed attempted to clear
> the
>> thick brush. Later,
>> >> > in Srinagar, he testified that Bhat had never been involved
> in
>> >> > militancy. Javeed spoke of grieving, of imprisonment and
>> beatings at
>> >> > the police station. He asked how he could have saved his
>> brother from
>> >> > death.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > After Sadiapora, we were stopped at Shangargund, Sopore, at
>> about 6.40
>> >> > pm, by three persons in civilian clothing. They forcibly
>> boarded the
>> >> > car. We were ordered to the Sopore Police Station. There we
>> were asked
>> >> > to detail our identity, employment, the purpose of the
> visit,
>> and to
>> >> > hand over tapes which, the police alleged, contained
>> 'dangerous' and
>> >> > 'objectionable' material. We stated that the
> Tribunal, a public
>> >> > process, was undertaking its work peaceably, lawfully, with
>> informed>> > consent, and that we had not visited restricted
>> areas. We stated that
>> >> > the police had no lawful reason to seize the tapes. We were
>> detained>> > for 16 minutes. After several calls to senior police
>
>> persons, we were
>> >> > released. A red Indica car followed us to Sangrama. At
> Srinagar,
>> >> > Intelligence personnel were stationed at my hotel. On 21
>> June, I was
>> >> > followed from the hotel to the Tribunal's office in Lal
>> Chowk, where
>> >> > about 8 personnel were stationed the entire day questioning
>> anyone who
>> >> > entered or left the office.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > My mother, residing in Calcutta, received a query regarding
> my
>> >> > whereabouts from the District Magistrate's Office. I was
>
>> followed to
>> >> > the Srinagar airport on 22 June, and questioned, asked if I
>> possessed>> > dual citizenship. I do not. I am a citizen of India
>
>> and a permanent
>> >> > resident of the United States. On 24 June, I arrived in
>> Bhubaneswar to
>> =3E> > submit a statement to the Commission of Inquiry on the
> Kandhamal
>> >> > violence against Christians in 2007 in Orissa. There too,
> Central
>> >> > Intelligence officials persistently inquired after me. In
>> April, after
>> >> > announcing the Tribunal, I was stopped and harassed at
>> Immigration>> > while leaving India for the United States, and
>> again on my re-entry in
>> >> > June.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > The targeting of the Tribunal has not abated since the
>> Amarnath issue
>> >> > erupted around 23 June. The volatile proposal to transfer
> 800
>> kanals of
>> >> > land to the Shrine Board, revoked on 01 July, was supported
>> by the
>> >> > Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party and Hindu militant
>> Shiv Sena.
>> >> > Despite the Sena's recent call to Hindus to form suicide
>
>> squads, it
>> >> > faces no sanctions from the state. Kashmiris of diverse
>> ethnicities and
>> >> > religions dissented the Amarnath land transfer. Community
>> leaders in
>> >> > Kashmir explained that their stance against the proposal is
>> not in
>> >> > dissent to Hindu pilgrims, but a repressive state. During
> the
>> Amarnath>> > land transfer protests, civil disobedience
> paralleled
>> that of 1989,
>> >> > amid severe repression. On 30 June, in curfew-like
>> conditions, we met
>> >> > with two families in Srinagar who narrated that the police
>> had shot
>> >> > dead their sons. At one place, in the old city, while the
> men
>> took the
>> >> > body for burial late at night, the police returned and
> destroyed
>> >> > property and molested women.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > On 30 June, at about 10:10 pm, Parvez Imroz and his family
> were
>> >> > attacked at home by state forces, who fired three shots and
>> hurled a
>> >> > grenade while exiting when family and community interrupted
> their
>> >> > attempts. Neighbours reported seeing one large armoured
>> vehicle and two
>> >> > Gypsy cars, and men in CRPF (Central Reserve Police Force)
>> and SOG
>> >> > (Special Operations Group) uniforms. This murder attempt is
> an
>> >> > escalation in the forms of state-led intimidation and
>> targeting aimed
>> >> > at Advocate Imroz. It is an attempt to make the Tribunal
>> vulnerable and
>> >> > instil fear in us in an attempt to stop this process.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > On 01 July, we met at Khurram Parvez's home before
> addressing
>> a press
>> >> > conference. Outside, jeeps with plainclothes men continued
> their
>> >> > observation, accompanied by a jeep with armed men in
> uniform.
>> Later,>> > Advocate Imroz, Khurram Parvez, Advocate Mihir Desai,
>> and I went to the
>> >> > police station to lodge a First Information Report. We were
> not
>> >> > permitted to do so. For security reasons, Parvez Imroz is
> not
>> staying>> > at home. Khurram Parvez remains under surveillance. I
>
>> must allow for
>> >> > distance before revisiting the graves. On 04 July, sitting
> on
>> a plane
>> >> > at Delhi International Airport, waiting to take-off, I
>> received a phone
>> >> > call on my India mobile, caller 'Unknown':
> "Madam, we know you're
>> >> > leaving. Think wisely before coming back".
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > Orders to unnerve the leadership of the International
>> Tribunal by the
>> >> > Government of India's intelligence and security
>> administration appear
>> >> > to be generated at the highest levels. The general policy of
>> >> > surveillance should not be used as a pretext to create
>> obstacles for
>> >> > our work. As India argues for a seat on the United Nations
>> Security>> > Council, the Government of India, as 'Frontline
>> Defenders' stated in
>> >> > their recent alert supporting the Tribunal, must adhere to
>> its own
>> >> > repeated commitment to peace in Kashmir and international
>> conventions>> > and laws. It must uphold democratic governance
> and
>> safeguard human
>> >> > rights.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > Advocate Imroz, Khurram Parvez, other members of the
> Tribunal
>> team,>> > have long experienced injustices for their
> extraordinary
>> work as human
>> >> > rights defenders. A lauded human rights lawyer, Parvez Imroz
> has
>> >> > survived two, now three, assassination attempts, the first
> from
>> >> > militants. Since 2005, his passport has been denied. Khurram
>
>> Parvez>> > lost his leg in a landmine incident. Gautam Navlakha
>> and Zahir-Ud-Din
>> >> > have been intimidated and threatened, as has Mihir Desai, in
>
>> their>> > larger work. It is noteworthy that the Government of
>> India is adding
>> >> > intimidation to the death and rape threats delivered me by
> Hindu
>> >> > extremists for human rights work.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > The work of the Tribunal is
>> >> > an act of conscience and accountability, fraught with the
>> charge of
>> >> > complex and violent histories. Its mandate, in documenting
>> Kashmir's>> > present, is to chronicle the fabric of
>> militarisation, status of human
>> >> > rights, and legal, political, militaristic 'states of
>> exception'. The
>> >> > Tribunal's work will continue through the coming months.
> We have
>> >> > received extensive solidarity from civil society;
>> victims/survivors, at
>> >> > street corners, from villagers, ordinary citizens, those
>> committed to
>> >> > justice. Each life in Kashmir has a story to tell. The
>> subjugation of
>> >> > civil society has produced magnificent ethical resistance.
>> The state
>> >> > cannot combat every individual.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > Nearly two decades of genocidal violence record 70,000+
> dead,
>> 8,000+>> > disappeared, 60,000+ tortured, 50,000+ orphaned,
>> incalculable>> > sexualised and gendered violence, a very high
>> rate of people with
>> >> > suicidal behaviours; hundreds of thousands displaced;
>> violations of
>> >> > promises, laws, conventions, agreements, treaties; mass
>> graves; mile
>> >> > upon mile of barbed wire; fear, suppression of varied
> demands for
>> >> > participation to determine Kashmir's future, spirals of
> violence,
>> >> > protracted silence. Last year, Kashmir's only hospital
> with
>> services>> > for mental health received 68,000 patients. Profound
>
>> social, economic,
>> >> > and psychological consequences, and an intense isolation
> have
>> impacted>> > private, public, and everyday life. It has generated
>
>> brutal resistance
>> >> > on the part of groups that have engaged in violent
> militancy.
>> >> > Repressions of struggles for self-determination and
> international
>> >> > policies/politics have yielded severe consequences, creating
>
>> a juncture
>> >> > at which the failure of governance intersects with a culture
>
>> of grief.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > Torture survivors, non-militants and former militants, that
> I
>> met with
>> >> > testified to the sadism of the forces. Reportedly, a man,
>> hung upside
>> >> > down, had petrol injected through his anus. Water-boarding,
>> mutilation,>> > rape of women, children, and men, starvation,
>> psychological torture.
>> >> > Brutalised, 'healed', to be brutalised again. An
> eagle tattoo
>> on the
>> >> > arm of a man was reportedly identified by an army officer as
>
>> a symbol
>> >> > of Pakistan-held Azad Kashmir, even as the man clarified the
>
>> tattoo was
>> >> > from his childhood. The skin containing it was burned. The
>> officer, the
>> >> > man stated, said: "When you look at this, think of
> azadi". A
>> mother,>> > reportedly asked to watch her daughter's rape by
> army
>> personnel,>> > pleaded for her release. They refused. She pleaded
>
>> that she could not
>> >> > watch, asking to be sent out of the room or be killed. We
>> were told
>> >> > that the soldier pointed a gun to her forehead, stating he
>> would grant
>> >> > her wish, and shot her before they proceeded to rape the
>> daughter. We
>> >> > also spoke with persons violated by militants. One man
> stated
>> that>> > people's experiences with the reprehensible
> atrocities of
>> militancy do
>> >> > not imply the abdication of their desire for self-
>> determination. This,
>> >> > he stated, is a mistake the state makes, conflating
> militancy
>> with the
>> >> > intent for self-determination. He clarified that neither is
>> >> > self-determination an indication of allegiance to Pakistan,
>> largely to
>> >> > the contrary.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > The continuing and daunting presence of military and
> paramilitary
>> >> > forces, increased and sophisticated surveillance, merges
> with
>> pervasive>> > and immense suffering and anger of people in
>> villages, towns, and
>> >> > cities across Kashmir. Parallel to the presence of 500,000
>> troops and
>> >> > commitment to nuclearisation, official figures state that
>> there are
>> >> > about 450 militants in Kashmir and that demilitarisation is
>> underway.>> > In March 2007, three government committees on
>> demilitarisation resolved
>> >> > that the 'low intensity war continues', placing in
> limbo troop
>> >> > reduction and the repealment of draconian laws -- the Armed
>> Forces>> > Special Powers Act, 1958, imposed in Jammu and Kashmir
>
>> in December
>> >> > 1990, and the Disturbed Areas Act, 1976, enacted in 1992.
> Local
>> >> > realities reflect that these laws and the military seek to
>> control the
>> >> > general population with impunity.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > Kashmir is increasingly defined as a 'post-conflict'
> zone.
>> >> > 'Post-conflict' is not the propagation of tourism
> toward an overt
>> >> > display of nationalism. Post-conflict is a space in which to
>
>> heal,>> > reflect, and enable civil society participation in
>> determining peace
>> >> > and justice. The graves speak to those that listen. Those
>> haunted by
>> >> > history are called to remember.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > (Dr.
>> >> > Angana Chatterji is associate professor of Social and
> Cultural
>> >> > Anthropology at the California Institute of Integral Studies
> and
>> >> > co-convener of the International People's Tribunal in
> Kashmir.)
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > _________________________________________
>> >> > reader-list: an open discussion list on media and the city.
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>> >>
>> >>
>> >> --
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>>
>>
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