[Reader-list] The Disappearance of the Ganges

[Pawan Durani]

<<<<<<<<<<<<  As I explained in my book, *The Vedic Prophecies: A New Look
into the Future*, the Vedic texts reveal that such holy rivers as the Ganges
will dry up and become only a series of small lakes, at best. In this way,
it may practically disappear, as did the Sarasvati River.>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

*The Disappearance of the Ganges*

*By Stephen Knapp*

As reported in an article by Charles Arthur in the June 8, 1999 edition of *The
Independent* in England, new information has been gathered by scientists at
the Jawaharlal Nehru University in Delhi, India, regarding how the glaciers
in the Himalayas are retreating. As we had explained, the glacier above
Gangotri, from which the Ganges River starts, has retreated about one
kilometer in the past 20 years or so. In fact, it has been determined that
these glaciers are retreating faster than anywhere else on the planet.
Professor Syed Hasnain, the main author of the report, relates that all of
the glaciers in the middle Himalayas are retreating. He warns that many of
the glaciers in this region could disappear by 2035. New fears are that the
meltwater could produce catastrophic floods as mountain lakes overflow.

As I explained in my book, *The Vedic Prophecies: A New Look into the Future
*, the Vedic texts reveal that such holy rivers as the Ganges will dry up
and become only a series of small lakes, at best. In this way, it may
practically disappear, as did the Sarasvati River. This latest report surely
seems to show the possibility of this happening sooner than expected. This
also shows the reason that the origination mouth of the Ganges, at the ice
cave called Gaumukh above Gangotri, is retreating farther away as the years
go by. So those travelers who wish to journey to this mouth of the holy
Ganga will have to travel farther up into the hills as time goes by. This
also indicates why this mouth of the Ganges is always changing in its
appearance.

Getting back to the way the glaciers are retreating, at the University of
Colorado in Boulder, a research team has found that the mountain glaciers
are diminishing in the West as well. The Alps have lost nearly 50% of their
ice in the last 100 years. The Major glacier at Mt. Kenya has lost 8% of its
size, and 14 of the 27 glaciers in Spain are gone.

The disappearing of the mountain glaciers is also reported in an article by
Lily Whiteman in the January/February, 1999 issue of *National Parks*. It
stated that there were more than 150 glaciers in Glacier National Park in
Montana back in 1850. Now there are only 50, and it is expected that these
will also disappear within the next four decades. This is primarily blamed
on the increase in global temperatures by only one degree since the 1800's.
Glaciers, because of being too solid and stable to show short-term
variations in climate, are particularly good barometers of global warming.

In regard to the Vedic tradition, it explains that the Ganges fell from
heaven to earth and was caught on the head of Lord Shiva. This was to
prevent the intense damage that the force of it would cause to the earth if
it fell directly on to the planet. This took place at Gangotri, where the
water backed up into the mountains where much of it froze. The course of the
Ganges is said to still flow through the universe and come down to the earth
planet. However, much of the river water comes from underneath the glacier.
If the glacier at Gaumukh does continue to recede or melt away, and if the
Ganges would ever cease its flow or begin to dry up, it would certainly mean
the end of an era and a drastic affect on the Vedic spiritual culture as we
have known it in India. Indeed, it would never be the same.

*2007 Update*

I visited Gangotri again in June of 2007, and it was easy to see that the
Gaumukh glacier is melting faster than ever. The water that flowed
downstream and over the falls at Gangotri was really fierce. This does not
mean that there was merely more water in the river, but that the glacier was
melting faster than previously. There are a few reasons for this.

One of the issues is that India is building dams on all of its rivers. Along
the Ganga there is a dam at Tehri, which has created a green lake that backs
up for miles along the river. As was explained to me, this lake now somehow
attracts more rain to that area, leaving the clouds drained by the time they
get up toward Gangotri. This also leaves the region of Gangotri and Gaumukh
drier than before. This also prevents the Gaumukh glacier from being
replenished with the rain or snow that it normally would receive. Thus, the
rate of it receding away from Bhojbasa or Gangotri is increasing. This is
not only from the general affects of global warming, but now also due to not
being replenished by rains and snowfall that add water to the glacier. So
some people are thinking that the Ganga may reduce its flow, or even stop
flowing if this effect increases, in as little as 10-15 years.

When I was in Gangotri ten years ago, the Ganga had a steady but kind of
meandering flow over the falls. But now there is lots of water that descends
rapidly and powerfully. The village people in the area are simple and feel
that it's just more water in the flow. They don't see how this may indeed
affect the future of the glacier. However, some people do understand that
this is a bad sign over the long term, and that it may only deplete the
glacier that much sooner.

India is making electricity from its hydro-electric dams along its rivers,
so much so that it is selling electricity to other countries, even China.
Yet it is odd that they cannot even supply steady electricity to places like
Gangotri, which is in a blackout about half the time. Other cities in Uttar
Pradesh have a similar fate with regular blackouts. But the building of dams
is causing environmental changes, the future affects of which are unsure.
Thus, as the glaciers recede and dry, the source of the river water will
begin to disappear.
 This was further explained in a New York Times article on July 17, 2007, by
Somini Sengupta.  D.P. Dobhal, 44, a glaciologist with the Wadia Institute
for Himalayan Geology, has spent the last three years investigating the
Chorabari glacier, the waters of which form the Mandakini River. He reports
that the glacier itself has receded 90 feet in three years. On a map drawn
in 1962, it was plotted 860 feet from where the glacier starts today.

The article goes on to say that a recent study by the Indian Space Research
Organization, using satellite imaging to gauge the changes to 466 glaciers,
has found more than a 20 percent reduction in size from 1962 to 2001, with
bigger glaciers breaking into smaller pieces, each one retreating faster
than its parent. A separate study found the Parbati glacier, one of the
largest in the area, to be retreating by 170 feet a year during the 1990s.
Another glacier that Mr. Dobhal has tracked, known as Dokriani, lost 20
percent of its size in three decades. Between 1991 and 1995, its beginning
or snout inched back 55 feet each year.

Similar losses are being seen around the world. Lonnie G. Thompson, a
glaciologist at Ohio State University, found a 22 percent loss of ice on the
Qori Kalis glacier in Peru between 1963 and 2002. He called it "a repeating
theme whether you are in tropical Andes, the Himalayas or Kilimanjaro in
Africa."

A vast and ancient sheet of ice, a glacier is in effect the planet's most
sensitive organ, like an aging knee that feels the onset of winter. Its
upper reaches accumulate snow and ice when it is cold; its lower reaches
melt when it is warm. Its long-term survival depends on the balance between
the buildup and the melting. Glaciers worldwide serve as a barometer for
global warming, which has, according to a report this year by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, been spurred in recent decades by
rising levels of greenhouse gas emissions.

Even the Himalayas have grown measurably warmer. A recent study found that
mean air temperature in the northwestern Himalayan range had risen by 2.2
degrees Celsius in the last two decades, a rate considerably higher than the
rate of increase over the last 100 years.

India's public response so far has been to blame the industrialized world
for rising emissions and resist any mandatory caps of its own. India's per
capita share of emissions is one-twentieth that of industrialized countries,
the government points out, going on to argue that any restrictions on
emissions would stunt its economic growth. And yet, as critics say, India's
rapid economic advance, combined with a population of more than a billion
people and growing, will soon make it a far bigger contributor to greenhouse
gases. More to the point, India stands to bear some of the most devastating
consequences of human-induced climate change.

In an October, 2007 edition of the Hindustan Times, there was this article
called, "Gangotri Glacier Melting Rapidly," which explained how much the
Gangotri glacier melted since 2004. Of course, we know that glaciers all
over the world are melting away, but the Gangotri glacier is the main source
of the Ganga River, which directly affects all of Vedic culture in various
ways. Plus, the Vedic Puranas have also predicted that the Ganga will one
day cease to flow and dry up, similar to what happened to the Sarasvati,
which is said to now flow underground.

    A few points mentioned in the article included:


        In what is being termed a result of the first ever authentic study
of the famous Gangotri glacier in the Garhwal Himalaya, the glacial
landscape receded by 12.10 metres [or around 40 feet or more] in just one
year since 2004. Incidentally, the river Ganga originates from the Gangotri
glacier.
        It was the first of its kind study of the Gangotri glacier carried
out using the highly sophisticated Global Positioning System," revealed Dr.
M. S. Miral, a scientist at the Glacier Study Centre of the G. B. Pant
Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Almora. "Before that,
studies conducted on the Gangotri glacier were based on observations only."
        A six-member team of scientists from GBPIHED carried out the study.
Dr. Kireet Kumar, head of GBPIHED's Glacier Study Centre, led the team.
        Dr. Miral attributed the Gangotri glacier retreating at an unusually
fast pace to global warming. "Global warming has increased the atmospheric
temperature by 0.6 degree centigrade worldwide," he said, adding even the
Himalayan arc "is not untouched by the rising temperature."
        The rising temperature in the Himalaya did not just manifest itself
in the retreating glaciers but also sent [increased] the snowmelt run-off of
the region by several times. "The snowmelt run-off of the Gangotri glacier,
for instance, had been recorded at a huge 57.45 cubic metres annually within
just five years since 1999," said the expert.
        Similarly, the rate at which the suspended sedimentation that the
snowmelt run-off of the Gangotri glacier carries with it, comes to around
17.78 lakh tons a year, which is dangerous for reservoirs like the Tehri
dam, as it leads to a very fast sedimentation in these artificial water
bodies.
        Dr. Miral said the Gangotri glacier "is receding so fast that even
Gomukh, the snout of the Bhagirathi river, which is a popular religious
destination for the Hindus, has ceased to resemble the mouth of a cow, for
which its revered."




However, in considering the information in this short article, we should
also consider that when there is a discussion of global warming, it is a
reflection of mankind's sinful or selfish desires and motivations. A simple
and especially agrarian lifestyle does not produce the same level of
pollution or causes for global warming. But an industrial lifestyle that
depends on oil and the numerous artificial necessities that we have all
become accustomed to, will certainly produce the pollutants and exhaust that
will affect the environment at an increasing rate. If we worked harder at
our spiritual development, natural realizations in our consciousness will
occur that will guide humanity to a higher level of activity that will have
a much less dangerous and contaminating output toward the environment and
each other.


This, of course, could lead into a much deeper conversation on the matter.
But the point is that we are already seeing the affects on the Gangotri
glacier, which will have serious and irreversible reactions on the Ganga
River itself and the religious nature of life in India.

*  *  *

It is also interesting that in 2007, many parts of India were affected by
floods from the monsoons, such as in Gujarat, Bihar, Orissa, Kerala, Assam,
etc. Yet, in places like Madhya Pradesh, they are facing an acute shortage
of drinking water which has reached crisis levels. As reported in India
Tribune, June 23, 2007, households of many towns in the vicinity of Bhopal
are receiving only a trickle of water, and that only once in every three
days.

In the rural areas where water is only supplied once in a week, it is more
alarming. When it is available, it comes through for only 30-45 minutes.
Officials estimate that nearly 65 million people, or 70 percent of its
population, are enveloped by this crisis. Furthermore, the quality of the
water is also troubling, where sewage is getting mixed in to the water in
many places, such as Bhopal.

Bhopal is also hit by this water crisis, but mainly because of its
population increase which has grown from 800,000 to 2.4 million in only the
last decade. With such a population increase in just ten years, then it
could grow to over 5 million in another decade. If other districts in India
are growing as quickly, then the water crisis will only continue to spread.

This brings to mind the predictions that, just as there may be wars over oil
today, there will be water wars in the future.

As the government of India is already rationing water in as many as 115
urban centers, tens of thousands of people are buying water from private
sources. For example, six families in Bhopal are jointly purchasing water
from a tanker for Rs. 500 every third day or so. But another problem that
India is facing is that ground water levels have been receding for years, so
much so that even thousands of hand pumps are no longer operational because
they no longer can reach the water. Thus, this water problem seems like it
will only increase if some serious strategy is not developed soon.

(This article is from: http://www.stephen-knapp.com)