[Reader-list] India’s stealth lobbying

[Sanjay Kak]

India's stealth lobbying against Holbrooke's brief
Fri, 01/23/2009 - 7:12pm

http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/01/23/india_s_stealth_lobbying_against_holbrooke

When Secretary of State Hillary Clinton -- flanked by President Obama
-- introduced Richard Holbrooke as the formidable new U.S. envoy to
South Asia at a State Department ceremony on Thursday, India was
noticeably absent from his title.

Holbrooke, the veteran negotiator of the Dayton accords and
sharp-elbowed foreign policy hand who has long advised Clinton, was
officially named "special representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan"
in what was meant to be one of the signature foreign policy acts of
Obama's first week in office.

But the omission of India from his title, and from Clinton's official
remarks introducing the new diplomatic push in the region was no
accident -- not to mention a sharp departure from Obama's own
previously stated approach of engaging India, as well as Pakistan and
Afghanistan, in a regional dialogue. Multiple sources told The Cable
that India vigorously -- and successfully -- lobbied the Obama
transition team to make sure that neither India nor Kashmir was
included in Holbrooke's official brief.

"When the Indian government learned Holbrooke was going to do
[Pakistan]-India, they swung into action and lobbied to have India
excluded from his purview," relayed one source. "And they succeeded.
Holbrooke's account officially does not include India."

To many Washington South Asia experts, the decision to not include
India or Kashmir in the official Terms of Reference of Holbrooke's
mandate was not just appropriate, but absolutely necessary. Given
India's fierce, decades-long resistance to any internationalization of
the Kashmir dispute, to have done so would have been a non-starter for
India, and guaranteed failure before the envoy mission had begun,
several suggested.

"Leaving India out of the title actually opens up [Holbrooke's]
freedom to talk to them," argued Philip Zelikow, a former counselor to
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice who served until December as a
consultant for a lobbying firm, BGR, retained by the Indian
Government.

But to others -- including Obama himself, who proposed a special envoy
to deal with Kashmir during the campaign -- the region's security
challenges cannot be solved without including India. Obama told Time's
Joe Klein, that working with Pakistan and India to try to resolve
their Kashmir conflict would be a critical task for his
administration's efforts to try to counter growing instability in
Afghanistan and Pakistan. "Kashmir in particular is an interesting
situation where that is obviously a potential tar pit diplomatically,"
Obama told Klein. "But, for us to devote serious diplomatic resources
to get a special envoy in there, to figure out a plausible approach,
and essentially make the argument to the Indians, you guys are on the
brink of being an economic superpower, why do you want to keep on
messing with this? ... I think there is a moment where potentially we
could get their attention. It won't be easy, but it's important."
Obama also suggested in the interview that he had discussed the
special envoy idea with former President Bill Clinton.

Whatever the case, the evidence that India was able to successfully
lobby the Obama transition in the weeks before it took office to
ensure Holbrooke's mission left them and Kashmir out is testament to
both the sensitivity of the issue to India as well as the prowess and
sophistication of its Washington political and lobbying operation.

"The Indians freaked out at talk of Bill Clinton being an envoy to
Kashmir," said Daniel Markey, a South Asia expert at the Council on
Foreign Relations. "The reason they were so worried is they don't want
their activities in Kashmir to be equated with what Pakistan is doing
in Afghanistan."

"They [India] are the big fish [in the region]," Markey added. "They
don't want to be grouped with the 'problem children' in the region, on
Kashmir, on nuclear issues. They have a fairly effective lobbying
machine. They have taken a lot of notes on the Israel model, and they
have gotten better. But you don't want to overstate it. Some of the
lobbying effort is obvious, done through companies, but a lot of it is
direct government to government contact, people talking to each other.
The Indian government and those around the Indian government made
clear through a variety of channels because of the Clinton rumors and
they came out to quickly shoot that down."

Once Holbrooke's name was floated, the Indian lobbying campaign became
even more intense. "The Indians do not like Holbrooke because he has
been very good on Pakistan... and has a very good feel for the place"
said one former U.S. official on condition of anonymity. "The Indians
have this town down."

Initially, when Obama's plans for a corps of special envoys became
public after the election, The Cable was told, the idea was for a
senior diplomat to tackle the Kashmir dispute as part of the South
Asia envoy portfolio and whose mandate would include India. But soon
after the election and Holbrooke's name began to appear, the Indians
approached key transition officials to make clear that while they
could not affect what the new administration did with respect to
envoys, that they would expect no mediation on the Kashmir issue.

"I have suggested to others, though not directly to Dick [Holbrooke],
that his title should not/not include India, precisely so that he
would be freer to work with them," Zelikow said. "If you understand
Indian politics, this paradox makes sense."

"I did nothing for the [Government of India] on this," Zelikow added.
The Indian government "talked directly to folks on the  [Obama]
transition team and I heard about it from my Indian friends. I think
Holbrooke needs to talk to the Indians. But they are trying,
understandably, to break out of being in a  hyphenated relationship
with America (i.e., comprehended  on a mental map called
India-Pakistan)."

Other sources said India's hired lobbyists were deployed to shape the
contours of the U.S. diplomatic mission. According to lobbying records
filed with the Department of Justice, since 2005, the government of
India has paid BGR about $2.5 million. BGR officials who currently
work on the Indian account, who according to lobbying records include
former Sen. Chuck Hagel aide Andrew Parasiliti, former U.S. State
Department counterproliferation official Stephen Rademaker, former
Bush I and Reagan era White House aide and BGR partner Ed Rogers, and
former House Foreign Affairs committee staffer Walker Roberts, did not
respond to messages left Friday by Foreign Policy. Former U.S.
ambassador to India Robert Blackwill, who previously served as a
lobbyist for India, left BGR in 2008 for the Rand Corporation. In
addition, the Indian embassy in Washington has paid lobbying firm
Patton Boggs $291,665 under a six-month contract that took effect Aug.
18, according to lobbying records.

"BGR has been a registered lobbyist for the Indian government since
2005," noted one Senate staffer on condition of anonymity. "The Indian
government retained BGR for the primary purpose of pushing through the
Congress the civil nuclear cooperation agreement between the United
States and India - hence the strategic hires of Bob Blackwill, the
former U.S. Ambassador to India, and Walker Roberts, a senior staffer
on the House Foreign Affairs Committee responsible for vetting past
such agreements. BGR continues to actively lobby on behalf of the
Indian government - their lobbyists sought to influence a recent
Senate resolution on the Mumbai attacks. So I would be very surprised
if BGR were NOT involved here."

(For its part, Pakistan has spent about $1,175,000, on lobbying during
the past year, including on trade issues. That includes Dewey and
LeBoeuf's work for the Ministry of Commerce, and Locke Lord's work for
the Embassy of Pakistan and the Pakistan International Airlines Corp,
according to lobbying records.)

It's not clear to experts and officials interviewed exactly who in the
Obama transition team was contacted as part of the Indian lobbying
effort. The White House did not respond to queries.

Asked about the decision to exclude India from the special envoy's
official mandate, former NSC and CIA official Bruce Riedel, who served
as the senior lead of the team advising the Obama campaign on South
Asian issues, said by e-mail, "When Senator Clinton originally
proposed the envoy idea in her campaign it was only for Afghanistan
and Pakistan." He didn't respond to a further query questioning why
Clinton's campaign comments on the issue mattered as much as Obama's,
since, obviously, it was Obama who won the presidency and ultimately
appointed her to carry out his foreign policy as the Obama
administration's top diplomat.

Laura Rozen