[Reader-list] Closet histories of Pandit/Brahman Suffering in Kashmir.

[rashneek kher]

One word abt Greater Kashmir too....is it in the offing

On Mon, Nov 8, 2010 at 1:03 PM, gowhar fazli <gowharfazili at yahoo.com> wrote:

> Histories in private circulation that do not get debated in public
> multi-ethnic or academic forums but play a great role in sustaining the
> hate. This might help understand the narrative of persecution and hate on
> which some of the people in this forum have been raised.
>
> Wailing Kashmir:  SEVEN MIGRATIONS OF KASHMIRI PANDITS  [Dr Satish Ganjoo]
>
> [For detailed study: HINDUS AND HINDUISM IN KASHMIR – A SAGA OF DEATH,
> CONVERSION & EXILE;  Crisis in History: DEATH OF A CIVILIZATION;  ABANDONED:
> Legendary Kashmiri Pandits;  A HISTORY OF KASHMIRI PANDIT GENOCIDE;   A
> History of the Kashmiri Pandit Race;  SATANIC HOLOCAUST OF KASHMIRI PANDITS;
> and,  Kashmiri Pandits: A FORBIDDEN COMMUNITY – Dr Satish Ganjoo]
>
>
>
> Since the advent of Muslim rule in Kashmir [ AD 1339], the legendary
> Kashmiri Pandits have suffered SEVEN TRAGIC MIGRATIONS so far. The seventh
> and last one was in 1989-90. A brief description of all the seven
>  migrations is given below:
>
>
> First Migration: In AD 1339, after defeating Kota Rain by a foul strategem
> and procuring her death, Shahmir ascended the throne of Kashmir under the
> name of Sultan Shamas-ud-Din (The Light of the Religion - Islam). He got
> khutaba read and the coins struck to his name. Islam became the court
> religion. Shahmir became the legitimate author and architect of Muslim rule
> in Kashmir. With the establishment of the new regime Muslim missionaries,
> preachers, sayyids and saints penetrated into the Valley. Sayyid
> Jalal-ud-Din, Sayyid Taj-ud-Din, Sayyid Hussain Simnani, Sayyid Masud and
> Sayyid Yusuf came to Kashmir to avoid the intended massacre by Timur. Mir
> Sayyid Ali Hamadani (Shah Hamadan) entered Kashmir with 700 sayyids; and,
> his son, Mir Muhammad Hamadani, with 300 more. They endured in the Valley
> under royal protection and disseminated the message of Islam. Mir Sayyid Ali
> Hamadani (AD 1314-AD 1385) wrote in “ Zakhirat’ul Maluk ” :
>
>
>
> 1. Muslim ruler shall not allow fresh constructions of Hindu temples and
> shrines for image worship.
>
> 2. No repair shall be executed to the existing Hindu temples and shrines.
>
> 3. They shall not proffer Muslim names.
>
> 4. They shall not ride a harnessed horse.
>
> 5. They shall not move about with arms.
>
> 6. They shall not wear rings with diamonds.
>
> 7. They shall not deal in or eat bacon.
>
> 8. They shall not exhibit idolatrous images.
>
> 9. They shall not built houses in the neighbourhood of Muslims.
>
> 10. They shall not dispose of their dead in the neighbourhood of Muslim
> graveyards, nor weep or wail over their dead.
>
> 11. They shall not deal in or buy Muslim slaves.
>
> 12. No Muslim traveller shall be refused lodging in the Hindu temples and
> shrines where he shall be treated as a guest for three days by non-Muslims.
>
> 13. No non-Muslim shall act as a spy in the Muslim state.
>
> 14. No problem shall be created for those non-Muslims who, of their own
> will, show their readiness for Islam.
>
> 15. Non-Muslims shall honour Muslims and shall leave their assembly
> whenever the Muslims enter the premises.
>
> 16. The dress of non-Muslims shall be different from that of Muslims to
> distinguish themselves.
>
> This naturally caused animosity among the Brahmans and resulted in frail
> rebellion during the reign of Shihab-ud-Din (AD 1354-1373). In order to
> break the upheaval among the Hindus and to make them prostrate, the Sultan
> turned his attention towards their temples. All the temples in Srinagar,
> including the one at Bijbehara, were wrecked to terrorize the poor Kashmiri
> Pandits. It seems that by this time, the sultans of Kashmir were perfectly
> islamized as a result of their contacts, interactions and intercourses with
> the sayyids. These sayyids came here as absconders in search of safe
> harbours, but manoeuvered the events for their own cause and fanatic
> iconoclastic zeal. The Hindus began to feel deserted and alienated in their
> own land. To consolidate their rule, sultans institutionalized the “policy
> of extermination” to eradicate all traces of Hinduism in any form. However,
> the Kashmiri Pandits stuck to their own religion and traditions, ignoring
> the
>  atrocities, barbarism and cruelties of the privileged ruling class. But
> there were many from other castes who, either by conviction or in order to
> gain royal favour, embraced Islam. These new converts were looked down upon
> by the Kashmiri Pandits as traitorous and treacherous, with no loyalty for
> time-honored values. This gave rise to a new class rivalry. Suha Bhatt, who
> after embracing Islam took the name of Saif-ud-Din, became the leader of the
> fresh converts during the reign of Sikandar (AD 1389-1413).
>
> Sikandar- the Butshikan, was bigoted with fanatic religious zeal to spread
> Islam in the entire Valley. This fanaticism was stimulated by Mir Muhammad
> Hamadani. Suha Bhatt - the convert, was appointed Prime Minister by Sikandar
> and both hatched a deadly conspiracy to persecute the Hindus and enforce
> upon the Nizam-i-Mustaffa. Jonaraja says, “ The Sultan forgot his kingly
> duties and took delight day and night in breaking images … He broke images
> of Martanda, Vishaya, Ishana, Chakrabrit and Tripureshvara …… There was no
> city, no town, no village, no wood where Turushka left the temples of the
> gods unbroken.” According to Hassan (History of Kashmir), “ This country
> possessed from the times of Hindu rajas many temples which were like the
> wonders of the world. Their workmanship was so fine and delicate that one
> found himself bewildered at their sight. Sikandar, goaded by feelings of
> bigotry, destroyed them and levelled them with the earth and with
>  the material built many mosques and khanqahs. In the first instance he
> turned his attention towards the great Martand temple built by Ramdev (the
> temple was rebuilt by King Lalitaditya, AD 724-760) on Mattan Kareva. For
> one year he tried to demolish it, but failed. At last in sheer dismay, he
> dug out stones from its base and having stored enough wood in their place,
> set fire to it. The gold gilt paintings on its walls were totally destroyed
> and the walls surrounding its premises were demolished. Its ruins even now
> strike wonder in men’s minds. At Bijbehara, three hundred temples including
> the famous Vijiveshwara temple, which was partly damaged by Shihab-ud-Din,
> were destroyed. With the material of Vijiveshwara temple, a mosque was built
> and on its site a khanqah, which is even now known as Vijiveshwara Khanqah.”
> The stones and bricks which once configurated a marvelous and splendid
> temple or monastery, now hold up mosques. Hassan further adds, “
>  Sikandar meted out greatest oppression to the Hindus. It was notified in
> the Valley that if a Hindu does not become a Muslim, he must leave the
> country or be killed. As a result some of the Hindus fled away, some
> accepted Islam and many Brahmans consented to be killed and gave their
> lives. It is said that Sikandar collected, by these methods, six maunds of
> sacred thread form Hindu converts and burnt them. Mir Muhammad Hamadani, who
> was a witness of all this vicious brutality, barbarism and vandalism, at
> last advised him to desist from the slaughter of Brahmans and told him to
> impose jazia (religious tax) instead of death upon them. All the Hindu books
> of learning were collected and thrown into Dal Lake and were buried beneath
> stones and earth.” Sikandar issued orders that no man should wear the tilak
> mark on his forehead and no woman be allowed to perform sati. He also
> insisted on breaking and melting of all the gold and silver idols of gods
> and coin
>  the metal into money. An attempt was made to destroy the caste of the
> Aryan Saraswat Brahmans by force and those who resisted were subject to
> heavy fines. Farishta says, “ Many of the Brahmans, rather than abandon
> their religion or their county, poisoned themselves; some emigrated from
> their native homes, while a few escaped the evil of banishment by becoming
> Muhammedans”. To strictly enforce the Nizam-i-Mustaffa, Sikandar established
> the office of Shaikh-ul-Islam.
>
> According to W.R. Lawrence, the Aryan Saraswat Brahmans of Kashmir were
> given three choices-death, conversion or exile. “Many fled, many were
> converted and many were killed, and it is said that this thorough monarch
> (Sikandar) burnt seven maunds of sacred threads of the murdered Brahmans”.
> As for the statements of Hassan and Lawrence, six maunds of sacred threads
> of converts and seven maunds of murdered Pandits were burnt. The number of
> people, to whom these thirteen maunds of sacred threads belonged, might have
> been tremendously colossal. A mammoth number of the Saraswat Pandits also
> went into exile, causing the first disastrous mass exodus of the community.
>
>
>
> 2.  Second Migration: Ali Shah - the tyrant (AD 1413-1430), son of
> Sikandar- the Butshikan, during his short rule of six years, carried on his
> father’s 24-year tyrant reign with homicides, conversions, tyranny and
> enforced jazia. Suha Bhatta – the convert, who retained the prime
> ministership continued his earlier crimes and atrocities against the
> Kashmiri Pandits. Jonaraja gives a graphic account of the plight of the
> illustrious Kashmiri Pandits in the draconian reign of Ali Shah. He says,”
> Suha Bhatta- the convert, passed the limit by levying fine, jazia, on the
> twice - born. This evil-minded man forbade ceremonies and processions on the
> new moon. He became envious that the Brahmans who had become fearless would
> keep up their caste by going over to foreign countries, he therefore ordered
> posting of squads on the roads, not to allow passage to any one without a
> passport. Then as the fisherman torments fish, so this low born man
> tormented the
>  twice-born in this country. The legendary Brahmans burnt themselves in the
> flaming fire through fear of conversion. Some Brahmans killed themselves by
> taking poison, some by the rope and others by drowning themselves. Others
> again by falling from a precipice. The country was contaminated by hatred
> and the king’s favourites could not prevent one in a thousand from
> committing suicide …. A multitude of celebrated Brahmans, who prided in
> their caste, fled from the country through bye-roads as the main roads were
> closed. Even as men depart from this world, so did the Aryan Saraswat
> Brahmans of Kashmir flee to foreign countries. The difficult countries
> through which they passed, the scanty food, painful illness and the torments
> of hell during life time removed from the minds of the Kashmiri Pandits the
> fears of hell. Oppressed by various calamities such as encounter with the
> enemy, fear of snakes, fierce heat and scanty food; many Brahmans perished
> on the
>  way and thus obtained salvation.” This was the second miserable mass
> exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits. Jonaraja calls it “ Chandh-Dandh” - violent,
> cruel, brutal and horrible punishment, for the abandoned and vulnerable
> Saraswat Brahmans of Kashmir. History repeated itself again in AD 1989-1990.
>
>
>
> 3. Third Migration: Mir Shams-ud-Din Iraqi, who visited the Saffron Valley
> twice in AD 1477 and 1496, was the founder of Nurbakhshiya order (Shia sect)
> in Kashmir. His mission was the vigorous propagation of his faith. So, not
> contented with peaceful preachings, violent methods were employed. In this
> adventure , Iraqi was helped by the homicidal creature and most dreaded
> tyrant- Malik Musa Raina, a convertee, whose original name was Soma Chandra.
> Not only the poor vulnerable Brahmans, but the Sunni Muslims were also
> violently converted to Shia sect by murderous techniques. This dogmatic
> fanaticism even crippled the Sunni ruler of Kashmir, Fateh Shah (AD
> 1510-1517). A khanqah was built at Zadibal (Srinagar) by Iraqi, which became
> the nucleus of Shia concentration.
>
> Kashmiri Pandits suffered ferociously under the instructions of
> Shams-ud-Din Iraqi and Musa Raina. About 24,000 of them were forcibly
> converted to Shia sect of Islam. Iraqi had even issued orders that everyday
> about 1500 to 2000 Brahmans be brought to his doorsteps, remove their sacred
> threads, administer Kalima to them, circumcise them and make them eat beef.
> These decrees were ferociously and brutally carried out. The Hindu religious
> scriptures from 7th century AD onwards and about 18 magnificent temples were
> destroyed, property confiscated and ladies abused. Thousands of Brahmans
> killed themselves to evade this horrific barbarism and thousands migrated to
> other places, resulting in their third tragic mass exodus from the Saffron
> Valley of Kashmir. Those who stayed behind were not only forced to pay
> jazia, but their noses and ears were chopped off. To escape the tremendous
> pain and agony, they cried. “I am not a Hindu.”
>
>
>
> 4. Fourth Migration: The greatness of Akbar lies in his magnificent and
> fascinating policy of religious tolerance. Jahangir and Shah Jahan were not
> so tolerant. But their religious enthusiasm cannot be termed as fanatic.
> During this period, the Brahmans could perform their religious ceremonies
> after paying some tribute. But the whole scenario changed with the accession
> of Aurangzeb to the throne. With his bigoted fanatic and dogmatic approach,
> the Kashmiri Pandits were once again made vulnerable. Iftkar Khan, the
> Mughal governor of Kashmir during the reign of Aurangzeb, brutally
> tyrannized over the Brahmans to such an extent that they approached Guru Teg
> Bhahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru, at Anandpur in Punjab and solicited his
> personal intervention with the Emperor. This ultimately led to the Guru’s
> martyrdom and made Guru Gobid Singh to create the Khalsa to fight the
> oppressors . Muzaffer Khan, Nassar Khan and Ibrahim Khan were other
> governors of
>  Aurangzeb who ferociously terrorized the Kashmiri Pandits. These
> celebrated scapegoats were once again forced to migrate from the land of
> their origin. It was the fourth disastrous mass exodus of the Aryan Saraswat
> Brahmans from Kashmir.
>
>
>
> 5. Fifth Migration: During the rule of later Mughals, Kashmir witnessed the
> outbreak of the worst kind of religious intolerance. In AD 1720, Mullah
> Abdul Nabi, also called Muhat Khan, a non-resident Kashmiri Muslim, was
> appointed as Shaikhul Islam . In order to assert his religious authority, he
> asked the Deputy Governor, Mir Ahmed Khan , to start a campaign of
> persecution of the Kafirs (infidels) - as the Kashmiri Pandits were called.
> In order to satisfy his satanic ego, the Mulla issued six commandments:
>
>
>
> 1. No Hindu should ride a horse, nor should a Hindu wear a shoe;
>
> 2. That they should not wear Jama (Mughal costume);
>
> 3. That they should move bare arms;
>
> 4. That they should not visit any garden;
>
> 5. That they should not have tilak mark on their foreheads;
>
> 6. That their children should not receive any education.
>
>
>
> But Ahmed Khan refused to execute the mischievous decree. The Mullah then
> excited his followers against the Kashmiri Pandits. He established his seat
> in a mosque, assumed the duties of the administrator under the title of
> Dindar Khan and let loose the reign of terror. The Hindus were wickedly
> tormented, their houses burnt and property looted. Hundreds of Brahmans were
> killed, prostrated, maimed and humiliated. They began to run away in large
> numbers and hide themselves in mountainous terrain. This was the fifth
> dreadful mass exodus of the legendary Kashmiri Pandits from their mystic
> motherland. Those who remained behind lived in the most horrific and
> terrible conditions generated by the Mullah and his gang.
>
>
>
> 6. Sixth Migration: The Afghan rule in Kashmir (AD 1753-1819) was a period
> of cruelty, homicide and anarchy. W.R. Lawrence calls it the “reign of
> brutal tyranny.” The barbarous Afghans employed every wild, inhuman,
> primitive, ferocious, cruel and brutal method to suppress the Kashmiri
> Brahmans. A pitcher filled with ordure was placed on the head of a Pandit
> and stones were pelt on it, till it broke and the unfortunate Brahman become
> wet with filth. Their brutality and atrocity crossed the extreme limits when
> Hindus were tied up in grass sacks, two and two, and drowned in the Dal
> Lake. The victimized Hindu were forced to flee the country or were killed or
> converted to Islam. There was horrible mass exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits,
> sixth one, to far away places like Delhi, Allahabad, etc. Many covered the
> long distances on foot.
>
> Hindu parents destroyed the beauty of their daughters by shaving their
> heads or cutting their noses and ears to save them from degradation. Any
> Muslim could jump on the back of a Pandit and take a ride. Mir Hazar - an
> Afghan governor, used leather bags instead of grass sacks for the drowning
> of Brahmans. Turbans and shoes were forbidden for them. The Saraswat
> Brahmans of Kashmir were also forced to grow beards and tilak was
> interdicted. The Afghans are now only remembered for their barbarity,
> brutality, ferocity, tyranny and cruelty. They thought no more of cutting of
> heads than of plucking a flower.
>
>
>
> 7. Seventh Migration: With the formation of Jammu and Kashmir State; and,
> establishment of the Dogra rule in 1846, Kashmiri Pandits were imperceptibly
> elbowed to the background. Administrators and officials were deputed from
> Jammu region. Though they enjoyed comprehensive religious freedom and social
> emancipation, political rights of the Kashmiri Brahmans were confined. On
> certain occasions, they even became victims of intrigue and suspicions. The
> vicious communal forces also turned their wrath against them. During the
> communal disturbances of July 1931, shops and houses belonging to the
> Kashmiri Brahmans were not only looted but also burnt. Three innocent Hindus
> lost their lives. This communalism in the state politics aggravated and
> magnified with the passage of time . It was fed for years with vicious
> communal propaganda and brainwashing.
>
> After independence and accession of Jammu & Kashmir state to India,
> Kashmiri Pandits were pushed back to the barbarous Afghan era. They were
> given the sugarcoated dozes of poisonous toxics. Article 370 of Indian
> constitution just reduced them to cipher and liquidated their population.
> Under the pretext of economic reforms, their jagirs were confiscated and
> distributed among the Muslim peasants. The administration of Shaikh Abdullah
> adopted malicious and pernicious approach towards the Saraswat Brahmans of
> Kashmir. They were taunted on one excuse or the other. Hindu temples were
> desecrated, looted and plundered. Minor girls of the community were forced
> to embrace Islam and marry the Muslim youth.
>
> Shaikh Abdullah tried to create “ Shaikhdom” for his dynastic rule in
> Kashmir. But his dreams were shattered when he was arrested in 1953 for
> anti-national activities. In 1958, he was released but detained again after
> three months under the Kashmir conspiracy case. However, the case was
> withdrawn in 1964 because of political reasons. But he was arrested again in
> May 1965 for his subversive activities and released in January 1968. Again,
> in January 1971, a ban was imposed forbidding him to enter the Jammu Kashmir
> state. This restriction was lifted in 1972.
>
> During 1953-1974 Shaikh Abdullah characterized India as an imperialist
> power endeavouring to subjugate the people of Kashmir. He asserted that the
> accession of Kashmir with India was his greatest blunder for which history
> will never forgive him. He also demanded the right of self determination for
> the people of Muslim – dominated Kashmir, but ignored the Hindu- dominated
> Jammu and Buddhist- dominated Ladakh regions. The sophist Shaikh advocated
> plebiscite and unconditional withdrawal of Indian army from the Saffron
> Valley. He also campaigned against the import of food grains from India and
> asked people to eat potatoes grown in Kashmir. For such arguments, Shaikh
> Abdullah was nick named as “Aaloo Bab” --- Feeder of Potatoes. He made
> emotional solicitations that after death his body should not be buried in
> the subjugated Valley, but immersed into the sacred waters of Arabian sea.
> However, today his magnificent tomb stands on the banks of beautiful
>  Dal Lake in Srinagar and is guarded by the Indian security personnel. By
> such gratuitous and conflicting statement, his secular credentials
> evaporated into thin air. The prospect of disloyalty and sedition began to
> haunt the Saffron Valley. Kashmiriyat switched over to political vandalism
> and bigoted fundamentalism. Shaikh Abdullah desperately held Indian Prime
> Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, a Kashmiri Pandit, responsible for the
> shattering of his malevolent dreams in 1953. The mortified Shaikh
> ambiguously decided to retaliate against the whole Pandit community in
> Kashmir. In vindictiveness, he instigated his associated that while making a
> choice between a Kashmiri Pandit and dreaded cobra, kill the Pandit first. A
> vicious campaign of terror was launched against the Aryan Saraswat Brahmans
> of Kashmir. They were refused entry to government jobs and institutions of
> higher learning. Besides hurling strong statement against the Government of
> India and Kashmiri
>  Pandits, the Shaikh derided that the whole lot of Indian army cannot save
> the Hindus in Kashmir against the malevolence of Muslims. Farooq Abdullah
> also employed the same approach towards the crumbled Pandits when his
> brother-in-law, Gulshah, seized the chief ministership in 1984.The
> reactionary leaders- Afzal Beg, Maulvi Farooq, Mohi-ud-Din Kara and Maulana
> Masoodi; ignored the very existence of Kashmiri Pandits during their
> political adventurism. The Kashmiri Pandits were made to pay for every move
> on the political chessboard in Kashmir because they represented the
> pseudo-secularism, incognito- socialism and flowering- democracy of India.
> They were scolded and emotionally hurt in the Afghan fashion.
>
> But then the whole political scenario in Kashmir took a dramatic turn in
> 1974, when Indira-Shaikh accord was signed by virtue of which the Shaikh
> became the Chief Minister of the State after the lapse of 22 years. Ignoring
> the great expectations he had created among the people in Kashmir and his
> vigorous campaign for plebiscite, the sophist Shaikh began to speak the
> language of Indian nationalism, democracy, socialism and secularism. The
> slogans of plebiscite, self-determination and independent Kashmir melted
> away. But the Hate- India virus, infused by him into the blood of the Muslim
> youth in Kashmir, was exploited by other corrupt self-styled politicians for
> their own interests from time to time. A vacuum was created because the
> people were betrayed disillusioned, politically raped and left in wilderness
> by their own leaders.
>
> The programmes and policies of Bakshi, Sadiq, Qasim, Farooq and Gulshah
> were also damaging for the Kashmiri Pandits. They were continuously haunted
> by antagonistic, hostile and rebellious elements. Mufti Syed is even
> believed to be responsible for the anti-Hindu communal riots of 1986, when
> cows were slaughtered and temples destroyed in Anantnag district. From
> 1947-1986 about four lac Kashmiri Pandits silently migrated from Kashmir.
> Hypocritical atrocities and criminal ignorances of political leaders were
> responsible for these development. Pakistan, to avenge the defeat of
> Bangladesh, blatantly sponsored the violence and terrorism in the Valley,
> resulting in the turmoil of 1989-90. The then  governor of Jammu and
> Kashmir, Jagmohan, wrote a detailed letter to the former Prime Minister,
> Rajiv Gandhi , on April 21,1990, endorsing the alarming signals. But
> cowardly Indian leadership was still unconcerned.
>
>  “Aay Zalimu, Aay Kafiroo,
>
> Kashmir Hamara Choudh Dou”
>
>
>
> “Bharat Kay Aiwanu Ko
>
> Aag Lagado, Aag Lagado”
>
>
>
> The final assault on the Kashmiri Pandits started with these slogans.
> Barbarous terrorists from Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkey, Sudan and even
> Saudi Arabia penetrated into the Saffron Valley. Brutal, wild and barbarous
> techniques were employed to hound and kill the Aryan Saraswat Brahmans of
> Kashmir. Even the helpless ladies were not spared. Sarla Bhat, a nurse in
> Soura Medical Institute, was abducted on 19th April, 1990, by JKLF militants
> who repeatedly gang-raped her and eventually killed her on 25th April. Girja
> Tikoo, a teacher from Bandipur, was kidnapped, raped and eventually shred to
> pieces by a saw mill on 4th June, 1990. Bimla Braroo from the Nai Sarak,
> Srinagar, who along with her daughter, Archana, was raped in the presence of
> her husband, Sohanlal, before all the three were killed on 31st March, 1992.
> There are dozens of such brutal instances. Even wicked Afghans will be
> feeling sorry in their graves for the sanatic holocaust of the legendary
>  Kashmiri Pandits.
>
> The barbarous murder of hundreds of innocent Brahmans of Kashmir caused
> their seventh and final agonizing mass exodus from the Valley. This was the
> final knock down of ethnic cleansing and genocide of the Kashmiri Pandits.
> The mass massacres at Sangrampora (1997), Udhampore (1997), Prankot (1998),
> Wandhama (1998) and Nadimarg (2003) were the follow up cleansing operations.
> Pandits in Kashmir dwindled from 10% in 1947 to fewer than 5% in 1989 and to
> less than 1% today. The pretended world bodies, contaminated human rights
> organizations, pseudo-secularists, self-styled leaders, so-called policy
> makers, tainted political parties and slack bureaucracy have failed to
> express serious concern at this great human tragedy.
>
>
> DANSE MACABRE is still going on.
>
>
>
>
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-- 
Rashneek Kher
http://www.kashmiris-in-exile.blogspot.com
http://www.nietzschereborn.blogspot.com